Shell and tube heat exchangers can be divided into the following two categories according to their structural characteristics:
1. Shell and tube heat exchangers with rigid structure: This type of heat exchanger is also known as fixed tube sheet type, and can generally be divided into single tube pass and multiple tube pass types. Its advantages are simple and compact structure, low cost, and wide application; The disadvantage is that mechanical cleaning cannot be performed outside the pipe.
Shell and tube heat exchanger with temperature difference compensation device: it can make the heated part expand freely. This structural form can be further divided into:
① Floating head type heat exchanger: This type of heat exchanger has a tube plate at one end that can freely expand and contract, known as a "floating head". It is suitable for frequent cleaning of tube bundle spaces due to large temperature differences between tube and shell walls. However, its structure is relatively complex and its processing and manufacturing costs are high.
② U-shaped tubular heat exchanger: It has only one tube plate, so the tubes can freely expand and contract when heated or cooled. This type of heat exchanger has a simple structure, but it requires a large amount of work to manufacture bent pipes. Due to the need for a certain bending radius of the pipes, the utilization rate of the tube plates is poor, and it is difficult to mechanically clean the inside of the pipes, as well as to disassemble and replace the pipes. Therefore, it is required that the fluid passing through the pipes be clean. This type of heat exchanger can be used in situations with large temperature variations, high temperatures, or high pressures.
③ Packing box type heat exchanger: It has two forms. One is that each tube on the tube plate has a separate packing seal at the end to ensure free expansion of the tubes. This structure is only used when the number of tubes in the heat exchanger is small, but the tube pitch is larger than that of ordinary heat exchangers and the structure is complex. The other form is to form a floating structure between one end of the tube array and the shell, and use an integral stuffing box to seal the floating part. The structure is relatively simple, but this structure is not easy to use in situations with large diameter and high pressure. Packing box heat exchangers are rarely used nowadays.
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